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DIRSIZE v3.3 - Disk usage and wastage in a directory tree
=========================================================
Copyright (c) 1993-8 Simon A Carter for Crystal Software
DirSize is SHAREWARE and may be trialed for a period of 30 days. After
this time you must either purchase the registered version (for $15) or
cease using the shareware version.
Please register your USAGE of DirSize by sending email to
launch@ozemail.com.au, with your name and address, the version of DirSize
you are using and any relevant comments or suggestions. By registering
DirSize we can inform you of updates or improvements and let you know when
the next version is released.
If you like and use DirSize, how about linking to our Web site (see
below)?
Please read the file ORDER.TXT for other registration options.
Online Web Registration at Albert's Ambry
=========================================
The registered version of DirSize can be purchased and received
immediately on the Internet, eliminating shipping and handling costs.
Direct URL: http://secure.alberts.com/P?Product=625&Source=AuthProg
OR go to
http://www.alberts.com
and search for: DirSize
Click on the "Buy it" hotlink to register DirSize.
Contact Information
===================
We are always happy to hear your comments! If you use and like DirSize, or
have any suggestions for improvements, please drop us a line! Other user's
suggestions have made it what it is today.
Email: launch@ozemail.com.au
WWW: http://www.ozemail.com.au/~launch
Fax: +61 (3) 9800-3078
Voice: +61 (3) 9888-3104. After hours number. Please leave a
contact name, number and time, and we will try to get back
to you within 24 hours.
Mail: Simon Carter
Crystal Software
2 / 9 Woodbine Court
Wantirna
Victoria 3152
AUSTRALIA.
Benefits
========
DirSize shows you how much disk space is used and wasted in each
directory.
Its uses include:
* Finding space hogs on a network
* Finding multiple copies of a single application on a server
* Finding which directories could be archived to save space
(typically those that contain lots of small files)
* Finding where most of the disk space is used
* Finding applications to remove before installing a new one
* Previewing the benefits of a smaller cluster size
* Generating daily, weekly or monthly reports showing how the disk
space distribution has changed. You can easily generate tab- or
comma-delimited output to feed directly into your favourite
spreadsheet for further analysis
* Showing you the complete directory tree
On large hard disks up to 1/4 of the total drive space is wasted! DirSize
will show you where.
It runs under DOS, Windows 3.x, 95, 98 and NT, and supports long filenames
under Windows 95, 98 and NT.
Features
========
* Summary statistics for multi-level directories. This is very
useful for finding the complete size of applications before
deletion or backup.
* Displays Windows 95/NT long filenames.
* Supports international thousands separators.
* The directories to be displayed can be limited by their size or
depth; very useful for eliminating unnecessary detail.
* For the selected drive, displays actual cluster size, free
space, used space and capacity.
* For each directory tree specified, displays cluster size (user-
selectable), total space used and wastage (as a percentage or as
a total).
* For each directory displayed, shows total space, wasted space
(as a percentage or as a total), and if it has subdirectories,
the total space used by the directory and all of its
subdirectories.
* Shows wasted space for a given cluster size - optimise your
cluster size before repartitioning your hard disk.
* Rounds up file sizes to the cluster size for the most accurate
size information.
* Size/wastage information includes the size of directories
themselves.
* Full scrolling support in either direction. Disabled
automatically if output is redirected.
* Output can be redirected to a file or to the printer or into
another program.
* The characters used to draw the directory tree can be changed
from DOS extended ASCII characters to standard ASCII characters
for other operating systems.
* Comma-delimited and tab-delimited output formats for easy
importing into databases, spreadsheets or word processors for
further analysis or specialised printing.
* Directory sorting by name, total or local size, wastage or file
count.
* Future proof - directory sizes up to 99 GB are catered for.
* Progress indicator as it accumulates file information.
Installation
============
Just copy DIRSIZE.EXE to a directory in your path, for example, to C:\DOS.
To find out the directories in your path, type
c:\> path [Enter]
How to use DirSize
==================
Typing
dirsize -? [Enter]
on its own will display usage information.
Usage:
dirsize [options] [directory] [options]
Where [options] is zero or more of:
[directory] Default: Current path
The directory to process. This may be a UNC path
(\\computer_name\share_name\path). Directory names with
special characters such as spaces must be entered with
double quotes e.g.
c:\> dirsize "Program Files" [Enter]
-sort= Default: name
[name |
local | Specifies the sort order:
total |
waste | Name - sort by directory name in alphabetical order.
files |
none Local - sort by local size, largest first.
]
Total - sort by total size, largest first.
Waste - sort by wasted space, largest first (not as
percentage of overall space).
Files - sort by number of files, largest first.
None - do not sort. This may be useful if you are
comparing DirSize's output to an unsorted listing from
the DOS DIR command - each directory is displayed in the
same order it was retrieved from disk.
-p Do not paginate the output. Pagination pauses after each
screenful of output. [Enter] shows the next line, [Esc]
exits, [End] scrolls continuously to the end of the output,
and any other key shows the next screen full of output.
Pagination is automatically disabled when the output is
redirected.
-size=# Only show directories that use # space or larger. A K, M or
G suffix can be used to express the value in KBytes (1024
bytes), MBytes (1024 KBytes) or GBytes (1024 Mbytes). This
is very useful for finding network space hogs, or for
eliminating small directories that are of no consequence
from the display.
-cl=# Show how much disk space would be wasted if the cluster size
was set to # bytes per cluster. # is restricted by DOS to
powers of two, but for convenience DirSize allows it to be
set to any value. This is useful for previewing the result
of a change in cluster size on a set of files. In general,
the smaller the cluster size, the smaller the wasted space.
As for -size=# above, a K, M or G suffix can be used.
-dir In this mode, DirSize does not round up the space used by
each directory (the local size, not including any
subdirectories). DirSize also ignores the space used in each
directory by DOS for housekeeping.
-# Default: All levels (255)
Limits the number of levels of directories displayed to the
given value. Eg -1 will only show the first directory level.
The statistics will include all levels, but they will not be
displayed. This is very useful if you just need to find out
how much total space is in use by an application without
caring how it is divided into sub-directories. A value of 0
is equivalent to a value of 255 (i.e. all levels).
-comma Print the result in a comma-delimited output format suitable
for importing into a spreadsheet, database or word
processor.
-tab Same as -comma above but outputs in tab-delimited format.
-nowaste Do not show wasted space for each directory. The wasted
space is still included in the totals - it is just not shown
as a display column.
-nostats Disable the drive statistics shown at the end of the report.
-asval Show the actual wasted space per directory rather than as a
percentage of the directory's used space.
-c<+|-> Control which characters to use for drawing lines.
+ Uses DOS's graphical line drawing characters even if it
detects that its output is being redirected.
- Uses portable text line drawing characters even if it
detects that its output is not being redirected. This is
useful if the result is going to be used on another
computer, for example, on a Unix machine or a Macintosh.
Note: When DirSize detects that its output is being
redirected, it automatically turns off pagination, and
selects portable characters to draw lines, such as +, - and
|. It does this because the output may be sent to a device
or another computer that does not understand DOS's line
drawing characters (which are non-portable). When DirSize's
output goes to the screen, it uses the DOS line drawing
characters. You can override the default behaviour in either
case using the -c option
DirSize Environment Variable
============================
If you regularly use the same settings for DirSize, you can set them in
the environment variable DirSize. This variable is processed before
command line options, so anything specified on the command line will
override it.
e.g.
SET DIRSIZE=-nowaste -c- -nosort
Some of DirSize's command line options require an equals sign. In order to
use these in an environment variable, change the equal sign (=) to a colon
(:) eg -cl=# becomes -cl:#.
Redirecting Output
==================
DirSize's output can be redirected to any device. For example, to save
DirSize's output to the file output.txt, you can type:
dirsize > output.txt [Enter]
To add DirSize output to an existing file exists.txt, type
dirsize >> exists.txt [Enter]
To send DirSize's output to the printer, type
dirsize > prn [Enter]
DirSize Example
===============
The output below was generated from running DirSize in the Program Files
directory (in a DOS shell under Windows 95). All directories smaller than
2 MB have been removed from display:
c:\> dirsize d:\ -2 [Enter]
DirSize v3.3 Copyright (c) 1993-8 Simon Carter for Crystal Software
Total-no subs Wstd Files Directory name [dir + subdirs total]
-------------- ---- ----- -----------------------------------------
0 0% 0 D:\ [239,828,992]
4,096 92% 0 |--Games [157,437,952]
593,920 13% 19 | |--Larry1
946,176 4% 11 | |--Larry2
913,408 24% 52 | |--Lemmings
28,327,936 5% 362 | |--Mech2 ... [63,311,872]
1,024,000 7% 17 | |--Quake ... [19,726,336]
9,408,512 3% 67 | |--Starcon2
61,587,456 1% 226 | |--Starcon3
946,176 5% 10 | +--Zork
4,096 95% 0 |--Installation Zips [69,320,704]
5,595,136 0% 1 | |--cardshop
6,418,432 0% 5 | |--Driver disks for '95
56,303,616 0% 56 | |--Osr2
999,424 12% 33 | +--Powerup
2,920,448 1% 4 |--Recycled
6,676,480 2% 38 +--zips [10,149,888]
3,260,416 3% 20 +--New stuff ... [3,473,408]
-------------- ---- ----- -----------------------------------------
239,828,992 2% 921 Cluster size: 4,096 Wastage: 3,696,755
-------------- ---- ----- -----------------------------------------
Drive D: statistics:
Cluster size: 4,096 bytes
Free space: 6,615,040 bytes ( 3% of capacity is free)
Used space: 238,186,496 bytes
Capacity: 244,801,536 bytes
Note how all sizes shown (except the wasted space) are integral (whole)
multiples of the drive's cluster size.
When DirSize has produced a display, you can press:
[W] To toggle the wastage display on and off
[D] To alternate the wastage display format between a percentage of
the total space used or as an actual value
[F] To toggle the file count display on and off
[A] Alternates the display of tree characters betweeen standard
ASCII and graphic line-drawing characters.
What is the "Cluster Size" ?
============================
When your computer places files on a disk (both hard disks and floppy
disks), it must use an integral number of allocation units. The size of
the allocation units varies depending on the total capacity of the disk.
This means that if a file is smaller than one complete allocation unit, it
does not fill the entire allocation unit. For example, lets say we have a
file that is 300 bytes long. On a floppy disk with an allocation unit of
512 bytes, the file will only occupy the first 300 bytes, but since one
entire allocation unit must be used, the remaining 212 bytes are wasted. A
file 513 bytes long will occupy 2 allocation units, with 511 bytes wasted.
An allocation unit is called a CLUSTER. Floppy drives typically use a
cluster size of 512 bytes or 1,024 bytes, so not much space is wasted.
Hard disks range from 2,048 bytes (for a 106 MB drive) to 32,768 bytes
(for a 1.04 GB drive) and even 65,535 bytes, which means that a great deal
of space is wasted. The cluster size gets bigger with bigger disks for two
reasons:
1) A DOS limitation that sets an absolute upper maximum on the total
number of clusters on a drive (65535).
2) The overhead of managing a large number of clusters consumes a
lot of disk space that cannot be used for anything else.
The DOS DIR command always shows you the size actually in use by the file
- it does not include the extra 'wasted' space at the end of the cluster.
This wasted space is sometimes referred to as 'slack' space.
Directories use up clusters too
===============================
DirSize takes into account the amount of disk space used to store the
entries within each directory. Normal file, directory and volume label
entries take up 32 bytes each. Long filename entries can consume between 1
and 32 additional directory entries (each of 32 bytes).
Even empty directories use a minimum of one cluster - for the current
directory "." and the parent directory ".." entries. The root directory
always consumes a fixed and pre-determined amount of disk space which
cannot be reclaimed, and DirSize excludes the number of entries in the
root directory from its calculations.
DirSize does not take into account the size of entries that are no longer
being used. This means that a directory that has had many files deleted
may display a size lower than that actually in use. DOS never reclaims
this extra space unless you delete the directory.
To reduce the amount of disk space used by directories, remove directories
that do not contain any files. Also, if you delete a large number of files
from one directory (particularly directories containing long filenames),
move the files to a new directory, remove the old one and then rename the
new directory to the original name.
Lost clusters
=============
Clusters can become orphaned when DOS is unable to complete changes to the
disk, for example, when you are forced to reboot your machine or when the
power is turned off accidentally. These clusters cannot be used until they
are identified and reclaimed. Use the DOS CHKDSK or SCANDISK command to
reclaim lost clusters. Lost clusters are considered to be used.
Reducing wasted space
=====================
What about Disk Compression ?
=============================
Disk compression programs like Stacker and DoubleSpace are able to make
use of the wasted space because they take on the responsibility of storing
the files themselves. By doing so, they overcome DOS's integral cluster
size limitation. DirSize's space wasted information may be invalid on
volumes controlled by these programs, and on some later versions of file
servers.
What about archives ?
=====================
Storing collections of files in a compressed or uncompressed archive saves
space, because by grouping all of the files into one large file, only a
small amount of space is wasted. The archive program uses its own format
to store the files without wasting space.
Partitions - decreasing the cluster size
========================================
Partitions subdivide a physical disk drive into a number of logical
drives. For example, a 500 MB hard disk could be partitioned into two
250MB partitions, C: and D:. The advantage of doing this is that the
cluster size can be smaller, and in general, the amount of wasted space
will be smaller. The disadvantage is that it takes time to set up (since
you have to move ALL of your data off the hard disk in order to partition
it, unless you have a program that can re-partition on the fly), and you
have to remember which drive your programs are on, and manage space across
two drives instead of one. For more information on partitions, see the DOS
FDISK command.